Healthcare as individual responsibility vs. healthcare as a communal responsibility Essay Example

Healthcare as individual responsibility vs. healthcare as a communal responsibility Paper Healthcare, in hindsight, is a responsibility of every person. Each person is accountable for taking care of himself. However, there are instances when health is a concern for the community in which an individual is part. There are cases when the health of the individual is greatly affected by the health of the collective majority as well, in the question of responsibility, whose is the greater—that of the individual or that of the community? There are several factors to considering in taking this question. First is the scope of responsibility that the individual has, where observing coast-to-coast limits is necessary. Another consideration is the responsibility of other stakeholders or members of the community. Thirdly, it should be noted how the individual or the community responsibility perspective is disadvantageous. Lastly, a decision should be made on whose responsibility healthcare really is. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare as individual responsibility vs. healthcare as a communal responsibility specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare as individual responsibility vs. healthcare as a communal responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare as individual responsibility vs. healthcare as a communal responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Individuals have the right to choose a healthcare plan that fits him. By doing so he hopes to minimize his costs while maximizing the benefits of the plan he has chosen. Because individuals differ in their tastes and perspectives, their choice of healthcare plan for themselves will likewise differ. This complicates the healthcare plot because in a communal setting the plans will be easier to implement to the mass, equal for all, and tailored to the musts as decided by medical experts. Yet individual healthcare responsibilities often fail because people have differing priorities and some may not have healthcare on their lists—either they cannot afford it or they do not or can not pay attention for some reason. Likewise, communal healthcare responsibilities also cannot be relied upon, given the bad system and management that is given to it in general. Given these dilemmas, new studies have been made and revealed that no one of these pillars can be fully responsible for healthcare. The appealing concept of shared healthcare responsibility takes this cue. The individual healthcare responsibility When one comes to think of it, the best healthcare plan is the one designed to the unique needs of an individual. Besides, his own is the only one who is in the position to gauge his healthcare needs according to his lifestyle and capabilities. Thus, an individual should take the call of his healthcare. While clinicians have the thorough knowledge on their craft, they should carefully consider and as much as possible pattern their treatments to those which the patient believes he needs. (Encouraging patients to assume more responsibility for their health, 2001) The current communal healthcare system, many say, is not working. The expense of health care is gargantuan; the system inefficient as shown in the unnecessary wastages on administration, marketing, and billing; there is no equality because many people cannot afford insurance (Callahan, 2005; Oxford Analytica, 2007). Furthermore, fraud invades communal healthcare systems. This is evident in many cases where people are cheated on their benefits. Lastly, there are still unnecessary deaths which leads to the question of quality of the communal healthcare system. (Callahan, 2005) D (2007) also asserts that because of the incompetence of the government to provide for proper medical care for the people, it is the prerogative of the people to take individual actions. Communal healthcare responsibility Yet Callahan (2005) points out that individual healthcare responsibility is a detriment. By assuming their own health care, the people who should be able to provide more comprehensive health care plans that are pro-patient are relieved of what was really their innate responsibility. Another thing, with the drop on employee coverage and insurance subscriptions, communal healthcare duty may well be the better option. (Oxford Analytica, 2007) There are many players to the communal health care theme. Apart from the standard individual-clinician-health plan provider trio, the employer and the government are also responsible. (Oxford Analytica, 2007) This being, the people should take advantage of this right, a duty that they ascribe to the government and the other stakeholders of health care. According to What’s Wrong with Shifting Healthcare Responsibility to Individuals (2007), putting health care responsibilities to individuals put families and persons at risk. People who take their health plans as an independent may become forced to pay for cheap and inadequate policies, or pay the high costs of one that is at par better in terms of quality. Interestingly, another negative effect is that the blame for healthcare flaws become directed to individuals and their choices rather than the stakeholders whoa re supposed to cook up better heath care reforms. Lastly, because individual health care reforms will compulsorily require individuals to buy health plans, the healthcare industry will go into a frenzy for selling and buying plans which can deteriorate the quality and leave out those who cannot afford the pricey ones. Points of view One aspect of the subject deals in the primacy of individual healthcare plan. Undoubtedly, giving individuals the ability to manipulate their healthcare services gives them the flexibility they need to maintain it. The other side of the coin focuses on the fact that healthcare is a responsibility of a group or different groups. Thus, it is a communal obligation. It claims that individual responsibility may fail. The number one cause would be the failure to comply by patients. Studies have shown that of patients given the responsibility to medicate themselves or pick a plan for themselves, only 50% can comply to the judgments of the clinician. (Encouraging patients to assume more responsibility for their health, 2001) But this is no two-sided affair. Many proponents are now promoting shared responsibility for health care. (Oxford Analytica, 2007) Only by a homogenous relationship and execution of communal role-players in the healthcare system can healthcare be called optimum. The role-players include the individual, the health care providers, and the plan providers. Their take on complementing roles allow each to take a responsibility and play it in concurrence with the responsibilities and outcomes of the others. For instance, practitioners should encourage their patients to take on their individual responsibilities and not be gullible with the face-value plans that are given to them. Yet this should be done procedurally, and it will be a serious hand-in-hand work in the part of the patient and the clinician/practitioner. (Encouraging patients to assume more responsibility for their health, 2001) Healthcare is an important aspect of the lives of individuals as well as the lives of groups that in one way or another affects or is affected by healthcare reforms. Looking at the backgrounds, analyses, and the points of view given by many sources, choosing between the individual and the community is futile. The real answer to the problem is in creating a plan where all role-players of the healthcare will take part and make it better. References Callahan, J. Americans’ raw deal on healthcare. 2005. Retrieved October 25, 2007, from http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/letters/articles/2005/10/27/americans_raw_deal_on_healthcare/ D, Stephanie. 2007. US healthcare or lack thereof. Retrieved October 25, 2007, from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/282245/us_healthcare_or_lack_thereof.html Encouraging patients to assume more responsibility for their health. 2001. Retrieved October 25, 2007, from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406453_print Oxford Analytica. 2007. Healthcare reform gains traction with shared responsibility theme. Retrieved October 25, 2007, from http://thehill.com/op-eds/healthcare-reform-gains-traction-with-shared-responsibility-theme-2007-10-10.html What’s wrong with shifting healthcare responsibility to individuals. 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007, from http://itsourhealthcare.org/blog1/learn_more/shifting_responsibility.html

Jean-Jaques Rousseau - Emile Response Paper

Jean-Jaques Rousseau - Emile Response Paper Free Online Research Papers In every text thus far assigned, the female sex has been largely ignored. Men write of a ‘Social Contract’ where a person’s freedoms and rights are taken into account, only if that person is a man. Rousseau is the first to address women and how they should be viewed and treated under his sexual contract. Rousseau begins by simply stating that there are physical differences between men and women. It is in these anatomical differences that he derives his rationalization for the subjugation of all women. â€Å"By comparative anatomy and even by mere inspection one can find general differences between them that seem to be unrelated to sex. However these differences do relate to sex through connections that we cannot perceive.†(Rousseau, 1) The differences begin with the sexual anatomical differences and spread from there. He makes the astounding leap that physical differences must influence morals. He has no concrete proof save that of past experience, taking no note of the fact that prior subjugation of women might have already influenced the morals of both sexes instead of the other way around. His faulty logic basically spreads like a plague from this point on. Rousseau makes the seemingly sensible (from a modern standpoint) statement that â€Å"In the union of sexes, each alike contributes to the common end but not in the same way.† (Rousseau, 1) He then springboards from there, stating that men are powerful and women are weak. Woman is made to please a man, but it is not quite as necessary for the man to please the woman. He doesn’t have to try so hard at it. She should just be pleased through his natural strength. Subsequently, women gain their strength through sexually tempting man and then pushing him away. Man will always force himself. Woman always resists, just less so when she actually wants to procreate. This is one way in which Rousseau legitimizes the forced sex acts upon women, reversing the true nature of the situation so that women seem in control of their own rape. Later, Rousseau goes on to state that a woman’s place in society is dependent upon the opinions of that society. â€Å"Worth alone will not suffice, a woman must be thought worthy;† (Rousseau, 4) From here, he goes on to deduce that since this opinion is all that matters, women want to please men. That is what they live for, to please men and to rear their children. He stipulates that women should only want to please men who have a manly character – a man of â€Å"worth.† (Rousseau, 5) The last issue Rousseau takes up is women’s freedom. He writes that women should be given some freedom, but at the height of it, when they are enjoying themselves, it should be taken away. This constant restraint will lead to a natural docility â€Å"which woman requires all her life, for she will always be in subjugation to a man, or to man’s judgment, and she will never be free to set her own opinion above his.† It is this idea that leads to important political consequences. It is the final statement that shows mans domination over woman and how it is a product of the sexual contract. This suppression of women can only end up in one type of society, a patriarchy. A governmental system is then created based on this, where political right is based on sexual right and women have no sexual rights, according to Rousseau. â€Å"The original pact is a sexual as well as a social contract: it is sexual in the sense of patriarchal – that is, the contract establishes men’s political right over women – and also sexual in the sense of establishing orderly access by men to women’s bodies.† (Pateman, 2) If women have no sexual rights, then they also have no political rights. The consequences are extraordinarily negative for women. They have absolutely no representation in the political arena. Thus, they are not able to speak for themselves, promote new ways of thinking and get new laws passed. In this way, they are held down more permanently. It is amazing to think we were ever able to rise above this so much as we have today. Research Papers on Jean-Jaques Rousseau - "Emile" Response PaperThe Equal Rights AmendmentLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesThe Colour PurpleThe Fifth HorsemanImpact of Breast CancerBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettCombating Human TraffickingDeontological Teleological TheoriesThe Broken FamilySexually Transmitted Diseases

Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Supply Chain - Essay Example According to management study guide (MSG) (2013), a design framework should take into consideration elements of technology, external environment, market, and product. A supply chain is the critical backbone for distribution and consumption of goods and services (Watson et al. 2012). An efficient design should span across the market and should involve suppliers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. With changing consumer patterns, firms want to supply their products through different channels (Watson et al. 2012). A supply chain network dictates the manufacturing methodology and assembly points a given good or service should be collected from (MSG 2013). An organization maximizes its profitability by minimizing transportation costs by setting up warehouses closer to the consumers (Watson et al. 2012). The production unit should be situated where transportation costs of raw materials are minimal. A supply chain network defines sales and marketing decisions. MSG (2013) states that a supply chain network extrapolates cost impacts and combines possible combinations to project profitability. Supply design network is a strategic endeavor that includes long term; short term and capacity planning that extend over lengthy time horizons. An integer and linear programming mathematical optimization are the best approaches to deciding on various options and determine the best locations for supply (Watson et al. 2012). A strategic fit concept requires that organizations achieve efficiency in a supply chain in a way that meets the organization’s competitive strategy. The organization has to identify relevant drivers to achieve this efficiency. In any organization, capital productivity in the supply chain context comes when responsiveness and efficiency are improved (Business and Management University, 2011). Inventory, transportation, information and facilities determine the

Prehistory and Ancient Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prehistory and Ancient Civilizations - Essay Example It is worth making note of the fact that, this covers about ninety nine percent of technological developments in human prehistory...the period extends from hominines like australopithecines who lived about two and a half million years ago to the end of Pleistocene who lived about ten thousand years ago. It is this stage that preceded Mesolithic period. There are so many events that necessitated human evolution namely; the desire to eat cooked food that, led to the invention of fire. The need to find more food that prompted mankind to procedurally better his tools both for hunting and cultivation. The need to protect them not only led to the development of weaponry but also made fire relevant for scaring wild animals (Lubbock, 2002). The desire to acquire items that they did not produce necessitated the commencement of trade or commerce. The unpredictable climatic conditions led to the start up arithmetic to study the stars for hindsight on seasons, the study on weather and climate and arithmetic. This period is distinct with the development of human technology. It began at about ten thousand and two hundred BC, in some parts of the Middle East and later on in other parts of the world. (ASPRO chronology) to between four thousand five hundred and two thousand BC Traditionally regarded as the final part of the Stone Age, this period followed the end Holocene Epipaleolthic period underpinned by the commencement of agriculture which led to the Neleolithic revolution. This period ended with the wide spread of metal tools in the copper age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age (Toth & Schick, 2007). Neolithic period is termed as a progression of cultural, behavioral and cultural elements and transformations such as, man’s adoption of wild fruits and his attempts to start domesticating crops and animals. The on set of Neolithic culture is regarded as Lavant. The culture is said to have developed from the

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 12

Marketing - Essay Example But as I learnt more about the financial services organizations, I was able to figure out that the perception that I had regarding such institution was just a mere image. I was able to learn that financial institutions are not just limited to banks but include a variety of players in the market. Some of the most prominent financial services organizations that I was able to figure out includes banks (retail, corporate, investment and private); mutual funds and trusts; credit card issuers; stock exchanges; leasing companies and government and saving institutions. Thus it is one of the most important learning outcomes from this course. Communication in the Marketing of Financial Services Before study about the financial services marketing, I considered communication the least important aspect in financial services marketing. But with constant and continuous study I have made, it has made me realize that communication in the marketing of financial services is regarded as the backbone of financial services. As communication is the interchange of information between two parties, I was able to learn that financial institutions heavily rely on the use of marketing communication i.e. advertisement, public relations and direct mail. With the help of such communication, the financial services aim to attract and influence the consumers towards the use of financial services. Such study has also helped me to understand that communication not only helps the financial services to attract customers but it also helps the organization to change their perception in the minds of the consumer. Moreover, I was able to identify that financial services are intangible due to which these services are often complex and quite risky but with the help of marketing communication, financial organizations significantly reduce the risks associated with the services and helps the organization to de-complex the products and services offered by the organization. I was also able to identify that fin ancial organizations have shifted marketing communication to whole new level and media. Due to the increase in customer traffic on social websites (i.e. Facebook and Twitter) financial organization have shifted their focus from traditional media to such media where the customer traffic is ten times higher. Marketing Mix and Financial Services I was well aware of the 4P’s of marketing but the study of financial services marketing; I was able to extract the services mix that plays significant role in the success of financial services organizations. In addition to 4P’s (i.e. product, price, place and promotion) the services mix includes process, people and physical evidence which are the other 3Ps of service marketing mix. I was able to identify that marketing mix plays significant role in financial services and with the help of such mix, banks are able to accept deposits and lend money to the customers. But in order to effectively do that financial institutions are const antly in need to understand the desires of the customers through which their trust could be won. This is where financial institutions rely on services mix. With continuous learning of financial services marketing, I was able to figure out that product mix helps the financial institutions to differentiate them from others in the market. The products offered by such institutions are c

Hurricanes :: essays research papers

Hurricane, name applied to migratory tropical cyclones that originate over oceans in certain regions near the equator, and particularly to those arising in the West Indian region, including the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Hurricane-type cyclones in the western Pacific are known as typhoons. Hurricanes are high winds that move in a circular motion, around an eye (a low pressure center of a storm). The diameter of the area affected by winds of destructive force may exceed 150 mi. Gale winds prevail over a larger area, averaging 300 mi in diameter. The strength of a hurricane is rated from 1 to 5. Obviously 1 is the lowest and 5 is the highest strength. Hurricanes sometimes produce over 250 mm (10 in) of rain and lead to extensive flooding. Which in turn can cause another problem in its self.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The places that are most often hit with tornados are: Antigua, Bermuda, Central America, Charleston, SC, Galveston, TX, Miami, Providence, RI, Santo Domingo, Asia, Honduras, Oceania, United States, and the West Indies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Florida has to contend with the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history. Hurricane Andrew swept through southern Florida in August 1992, just south of Miami, leaving 41 people dead, making more than 200,000 homeless, and doing about $20 billion worth of property damage. In August 1995 Hurricane Erin crossed Florida along the same path, then turned and swept through the panhandle, causing an estimated $360 million in damage. The panhandle was pounded again later in 1995 by Hurricane Opal, which caused damage of $2.1 billion. A series of tornadoes hit the central part of the state in February 1998, claiming 42 lives. That is just one case in particular. All over the world the same story happens over and over. What is so sad is that in the 3rd world countries, there is little to no protection and many more lives are lost. Such as in 1998, Hurricane Mitch devastated Honduras, killing between 5,600 and 7,000 people. It also swept away 70 percent of their crops and cost billions of dollars to put the nation back together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Right now there are people trying to prevent hurricanes. At the present it is impossible to prevent them, but with early detection many lives have been saved.

Conflict with Curleys Wife

nfl 1. First appearance When Curleys’ wife first appears in the book Lennie was fascinated by her looks and thinks that she is very pretty. You know this because he looks at her from top to bottom. These facts are true because in the book it says â€Å"Lennie’s eyes moved down her body. † To show that Lennie was fascinated by her looks it says â€Å"Lennie watched her, fascinated†. Another way that we know that Lennie thought that she was pretty is that after she leaves the bunk house Lennie then says â€Å"she was purty. These three quotes show that Lennie was very interested in Curleys’ wife’s appearance and thought that she was pretty indeed. But by Lennie thinking that she was pretty it then caused conflict between Lennie and George. George gets angry with Lennie so her grabs him by the ear and shakes him. Then he says to him â€Å"Don’t you even take a look at that bitch. I don’t care what she says and what she does. I se en ‘em poison before, but I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her. You leave her be. † Lennie then says that he wants to leave because the place isn’t good for them.George also agrees but they have to stay in order to get the money they needed for their dream house. 2. In the barn Curleys’ wife gets in an argument with crooks, candy and Lennie. This is because she calls them all rude names. She says â€Å"What am I doin’? standin’ here with a bunch of bindle stiffs-a nigger an’ a dum—dum and a lousy ol’ sheep-an’ likin’ it because they ain’t nobody else. Lennie doesn’t really do much after her saying this but his mouth drops. Crooks could not be bothered to defend for himself because he has done it so many times but Candy stands up and shouts back.He says â€Å"I had enough, you ain’t wanted here. We told you you ain’t. an’ I tell ya, you got floozy idears about what us guys amounts to. You ain’t got sense enough in that chicken head to even see that we ain’t stiffs. S’pose you get us canned. S’pose you do. You think we’ll hit the highway an’ look for another lousy two-bit job like this. You don’t know that we got our own ranch to go to, an’ our own house. We ain’t got to stay here. We gotta house and chickens an’ fruit trees an’ a place a hundred time prettier than this. An’ we got frien’s, that’s what we got.Maybe there was a time when we was scared of getting’ canned, but we ain’t no more. We got our own lan’, and it’s ours, an’ we c’n go to it. † But Curleys’ wife just laughs with disbelief and makes Candy look bad but Candy then turns it back around by not caring what she says and tells her to scatter along. But Curley’s wife would have none of it so Crooks then steps in but aga in Curley’s wife makes Crooks feel bad about himself and steps back down again so Curley’s wife leaves having won there argument and feeling powerful. 3. Curley’s wife’s deathMeanwhile Lennie was hurting Curley’s wife she was yelling so he said to her â€Å"Don’t you go yellin’† he repeatedly says this. After Lennie had killed Curley’s wife it then caused conflict between many people. For example Curley was very angry with Lennie for killing her. Lennie was also angry with Curley’s wife because if it wasn’t for her screaming then he would not have dreamed of killing her. It was also a problem for George because he has to kill Lennie for murdering Curley’s wife. Because Lennie had killed her it meant that he must die. This was the most biggest conflict in the book.